📘 FRENCH A1 FULL TEXTBOOK
Danish Phonetics Guide – Full Module
-Jayed Ovi Shaan-
Welcome to the full Danish Phonetics learning series designed for Shield Language Academy learners.
Each module below explores a specific letter or phonetic rule in Danish – with IPA, English & Bangla explanations, practice, and animations.
এই সিরিজের প্রতিটি মডিউল আপনাকে ড্যানিশ উচ্চারণ সহজে শিখতে সাহায্য করবে, বাংলায় অনুবাদসহ।
এই সিরিজের প্রতিটি মডিউল আপনাকে ড্যানিশ উচ্চারণ সহজে শিখতে সাহায্য করবে, বাংলায় অনুবাদসহ।
🔤 Module 1: Letter D
Hard D, Soft D (/ð/), Silent D – when and how D changes.
ড এর শক্ত, নরম ও নিঃশব্দ রূপ।
🔤 Module 2: Letter G
Hard G, Soft G (/j/), and Silent G – plus word examples.
G কখন গ, কখন ইয়, কখন চুপ?
🔤 Module 3: Letter R
Uvular R /ʁ/, clusters (rd, rs), silent/linking R.
গলার ভেতরের R ও মিলনধ্বনি।
🔤 Module 4: Letter J (Coming Next)
Danish J sounds like "Y" – as in "yes" → /j/.
J কিন্তু জ নয় – “ইয়”-এর মত!
🔤 Module 5: Æ, Ø, Å
Master Danish special vowels with contrast and practice.
ড্যানিশ বিশেষ স্বরবর্ণ শিখুন সহজে।
🔤 Module 6: Stød (Glottal Stop)
What is stød? Why do some words sound cut-off?
স্টয়েড – ছোট ছেঁটে যাওয়া শব্দ!
🇩🇰 Danish Phonetics – Letter D Explained Fully
🔠 1. Introduction to Letter D in Danish
In Danish, the letter D is pronounced in three different ways:
- Hard D: pronounced like English "d"
- Soft D: pronounced like English "th" in "this" – IPA: /ð/
- Silent D: not pronounced at all
📘 Bangla: ড্যানিশ ভাষায় D এর তিন রকমের উচ্চারণ আছে: শক্ত, নরম এবং নিঃশব্দ। এই তিনটি নিয়ম জানা খুবই জরুরি।
📘 2. Hard D – [d] Sound
Hard D appears at the beginning of words and is pronounced like English d.
| Danish | IPA | Meaning | Bangla |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dag | /dɑː/ | Day | দিন |
| Dansk | /dansk/ | Danish | ড্যানিশ |
🎧 Practice saying: Dag, Dansk, Dyr (Day, Danish, Animal)
🎧 3. Soft D – [ð] Sound
The Soft D is very common in Danish. It's pronounced like the "th" in English this. In IPA: /ð/
| Danish | IPA | Meaning | Bangla |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mad | /mæð/ | Food | খাবার |
| Brød | /brœð/ | Bread | রুটি |
| Gade | /ˈɡæðə/ | Street | রাস্তা |
🎧 Soft D only comes between vowels or after a vowel. Practice: Mad, Brød, Gade
🙊 4. Silent D – When D is Not Pronounced
In many words, D is not pronounced at all. These are often found before the letters t, n, s or in specific word endings.
| Danish | Spelling | Pronunciation | Meaning | Bangla |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mand | nd | /man/ | Man | পুরুষ |
| Kold | ld | /kɔl/ | Cold | ঠান্ডা |
| Hånd | nd | /hon/ | Hand | হাত |
🧠 Tip: Whenever you see ld, nd, rd together, there's a good chance D is silent.
🧪 5. Mixed Practice Sentences
Try pronouncing these sentences and identify how "D" changes its sound:
- Jeg spiser mad og brød. (I eat food and bread) – আমি খাবার ও রুটি খাই।
- Det er en kold dag i Danmark. (It is a cold day in Denmark) – ড্যানমার্কে আজ ঠান্ডা দিন।
- Han bor på en gade i byen. (He lives on a street in the city) – সে শহরের একটি রাস্তায় থাকে।
🎤 Try recording your voice and compare with native Danish speakers on Forvo or Google Translate.
📙 6. Recap: Rules of D
- 🔹 Beginning of word: Hard D /d/
- 🔹 Between vowels: Soft D /ð/
- 🔹 Before n, t, s or in combos: Silent D
🔄 Mnemonic: “D starts hard, softens in vowels, disappears in silence.”
ড শুরুতে জোরে, মাঝে নরম, শেষে চুপ!
ড শুরুতে জোরে, মাঝে নরম, শেষে চুপ!
🇩🇰 Danish Phonetics – Letter G Explained
🔠 1. Overview: How G is Pronounced
The Danish letter G can be pronounced in three main ways depending on its position:
- Hard G – like English “g” in “go” – /g/
- Soft G – like a weak “y” or soft glide – /j/
- Silent G – not pronounced at all
📘 Bangla: G এর উচ্চারণ কখনো জোরে "গ", কখনো নরম "ইয়"-এর মত, আবার অনেক সময় উচ্চারিতই হয় না।
🧱 2. Hard G – /g/ Sound
At the beginning of words or syllables, G is pronounced like English “g” in “go”.
| Danish | IPA | English | Bangla |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | /goð/ | Good | ভাল |
| Gå | /ɡɔ/ | To go | চলা |
| Gul | /ɡuːl/ | Yellow | হলুদ |
🎧 Try saying: God dag! Jeg går til skole. (Good day! I’m going to school.)
🍃 3. Soft G – /j/ Sound
Between vowels or at the end of a syllable, G is softened to a “y” glide sound.
| Danish | IPA | English | Bangla |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hygge | /ˈhyɡə/ | Cozy feeling | আরাম, শান্তি |
| Mange | /ˈmɑŋə/ | Many | অনেক |
| Jeg | /jɑj/ | I (pronoun) | আমি |
💡 G becomes almost like “ইয়” sound, especially between vowels. Ex: Jeg hygger mig.
🙊 4. Silent G – No Pronunciation
In some endings and words, G is completely silent. This usually happens before “n” or in past participles.
| Danish | IPA | English | Bangla |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regn | /ʁɑjn/ | Rain | বৃষ্টি |
| Vogn | /vɔwn/ | Cart | গাড়ি / রথ |
| Signere | /siˈneːʁə/ | To sign | সই করা |
🧠 Bangla: অনেক শব্দে g থাকে কিন্তু উচ্চারিত হয় না, যেমন: regn।
🧪 5. Practice Sentences
- Jeg går i skole. (I go to school) – আমি স্কুলে যাই।
- Der er mange mennesker. (There are many people) – অনেক মানুষ আছে।
- Det regner meget. (It rains a lot) – অনেক বৃষ্টি হচ্ছে।
🎤 Record your voice and compare with native audio from Forvo or Google Translate for "mange", "gå", and "regn".
📙 6. Rule Recap
- 🔹 Start of word = Hard G /g/ → gå, gul
- 🔹 Middle or after vowel = Soft G /j/ → hygge, mange
- 🔹 Before ‘n’ or past tense endings = Silent G → regn, vogn
💡 Mnemonic: “G goes soft in comfort, silent in rain, hard in goals.”
G আরামে নরম, বৃষ্টিতে চুপ, উদ্দেশ্যে জোরে!
G আরামে নরম, বৃষ্টিতে চুপ, উদ্দেশ্যে জোরে!
🇩🇰 Danish Phonetics – Letter R Explained
🔠 1. Overview of Danish R
The Danish letter R is often pronounced far back in the throat as a uvular sound, not like the English “r”.
- Uvular R: like a gargled /ʁ/ sound – common in standard Danish
- Linking R: connects words when speaking fast
- R Clusters: changes sound or becomes silent in combinations like rd, rg, rn
📘 Bangla: ড্যানিশ R অনেকটা গলার ভেতর থেকে আসে – একে বলে uvular R। অনেক সময় এই R উচ্চারিত হয় না বা অন্য আওয়াজে মিশে যায়।
🎤 2. Uvular R – /ʁ/ Sound
R at the beginning of a word or syllable is pronounced as a uvular /ʁ/ – a gargled sound at the back of the throat.
| Danish | IPA | Meaning | Bangla |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rød | /ʁœð/ | Red | লাল |
| Regn | /ʁɑjn/ | Rain | বৃষ্টি |
| Rigtig | /ˈʁekti/ | Correct | সঠিক |
💡 Tip: Make the sound like gargling without voice. This is the real Danish “R”!
🔗 3. Linking R – Connecting Words
R often links one word to the next in fluent speech, even if it’s not strong in writing.
- Jeg er → /jɑ ʁɑ/ (I am)
- Det er en bog → /deʔ ʁ en bɔw/
📘 Bangla: বাক্যে শব্দের মাঝে মাঝে R সংযোগ করে – এটা লেখা না থাকলেও উচ্চারণে শোনা যায়।
🌀 4. R Clusters – rd, rg, rs, rn
When R is followed by another consonant, the sound often changes completely or disappears.
| Cluster | Danish | Pronounced As | Meaning | Bangla |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rd | Hård | /hɔː/ | Hard | কঠিন |
| rn | Børn | /bɶɐ̯n/ | Children | শিশুরা |
| rs | Først | /fœsd/ | First | প্রথম |
| rg | Borg | /bɔw/ | Castle / Town | নগর / দুর্গ |
💡 These are tricky! Practice saying: Først børn går til borg.
🧪 5. Practice Sentences
- Regnen falder først. (The rain falls first) – প্রথমে বৃষ্টি পড়ে।
- Jeg har en rød bil. (I have a red car) – আমার একটি লাল গাড়ি আছে।
- Børn går i skole. (Children go to school) – শিশুরা স্কুলে যায়।
🎤 Record these and compare with a native speaker. Focus on rød, børn, først.
📙 6. Rule Recap
- 🔹 Start of word → Uvular /ʁ/ (guttural R)
- 🔹 In fast speech → Linking R joins words
- 🔹 In clusters → Often changes to vowel or is dropped
💡 Mnemonic: “R roars alone, whispers with friends, and disappears in storms.”
R একা থাকলে গর্জে, বন্ধুদের সঙ্গে নরম, ঝড়ে হারিয়ে যায়!
R একা থাকলে গর্জে, বন্ধুদের সঙ্গে নরম, ঝড়ে হারিয়ে যায়!